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I would not worry about the location. Chinese elm can also remain indoors. It is not fully winter-hardy, and as such, semi-temperate. It will do beter outdoors, but can live indoors too.

Repotting is not ideal now. I would wait till spring when it is stronger. You say your tree is dropping leaves, which means something is not going well. Which means: Do not work the roots.

Just generic fertilizer is fine for all trees but the most refined.

leatherback wrote: I would not worry about the location. Chinese elm can also remain indoors. It is not fully winter-hardy, and as such, semi-temperate. It will do beter outdoors, but can live indoors too.

I see. I guess the general consensus will be "bonsais like outside better -- they're trees after all! -- but some will do OK inside".

leatherback wrote: Repotting is not ideal now. I would wait till spring when it is stronger. You say your tree is dropping leaves, which means something is not going well. Which means: Do not work the roots.

Ok. I'll wait then. Would you ask advise against pruning? Will proper pruning (e.g. reducing 8-node shoots to 2 nodes) help foliage grow again or better leave the tree alone for a while? I must also add that, since I stopped watering on a regular basis, shedding has decreased. I'm happy about this!

leatherback wrote: Just generic fertilizer is fine for all trees but the most refined.

Ok. I'll not bother about fertiliser then. Thanks!

Just leave it for now. It has gone trough a lot. And trimming is also stressfull for the tree. Come spring, trim, repot and move it outside if possible.

A quick update: I watered it this week -- because the chopstick came out almost dry -- and added the recommended amount of fertiliser to the water. It had been over a month since I had last fed the tree. Leaf drop increased again! Was it mere coincidence or did the fertiliser harm the tree? As stated above, the fertiliser has a 4-6-6 ratio.

To me it feels like you are doing something when watering. Maybe waiting too long? Looking at your first pictures, I would consider getting a pot about twice the current size, and plant it in there till spring. Give it some extra legromo. Use normal regular good quality potting soil.

Is it in a heated or unheated room? It does not sit on the heater in your living room, right?

leatherback wrote: To me it feels like you are doing something when watering. Maybe waiting too long?

Not sure. Leaves started dropping even during summer, when I was watering every second day.

leatherback wrote: Looking at your first pictures, I would consider getting a pot about twice the current size, and plant it in there till spring. Give it some extra legromo. Use normal regular good quality potting soil.

I'm confused. You suggested before that I should leave it alone until spring. Are you now recommending to repot immediately?

leatherback wrote: Is it in a heated or unheated room? It does not sit on the heater in your living room, right?

The room is mildly heated to 20C. The tree is far away from the heater, sitting on a south window sill.

Rodrigo wrote: I'm confused. You suggested before that I should leave it alone until spring. Are you now recommending to repot immediately?

Maybe misunderstanding. When repotting bonsai, this means: Take out of the pot. Comb out roots. Trim back the roots. Put back in original pot. Fill with new substrate.
What I suggested was to take it out of the pot, put in bigger pot, leave the roots alone...

Someone suggested changing the fertiliser to a higher nitrogen ratio (mine is 4-6-6). Would you also recommend this?

Rodrigo wrote: Someone suggested changing the fertiliser to a higher nitrogen ratio (mine is 4-6-6). Would you also recommend this?

It has nothing to do with the fertilizer!

Rodrigo wrote: Someone suggested changing the fertiliser to a higher nitrogen ratio (mine is 4-6-6). Would you also recommend this?

increasing the nitrogen, does help new leaves grow, but that doesn't seem to be the problem, we're trying to keep the old leave on. Was it kept outside all summer? How much sun does it get? Do the leaves, simply fall off, or do they, turn yellow, brown, or black first?

Could you send a more recent picture, the first picture just didn't seem really alarming, to me. It might just be the shorter days.