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It is losing turning yellow and losing leaves from the lowest branch and slowly making its way upwards. It is being taken care of indoors in southern California and has been absolutely thriving for its first 6 months. In the recent past this problem has happened and I addressed it by changing the fertilizer I use and the fertilizing schedule. It worked really well and looked healthy but very recently the problem has started up again. I worry that I fertilize it too much but I have been trying to meet its growing needs. I fertilize about 3 times a month now with liquid fertilizer. Any advice or answers?

Hello.

Ok, first off, this is should be outdoors, that seems to be your major problem, otherwise, they will thrive for a while and then get exhausted, doesn't mather how much fertilizer you use, it needs sunlight, lots of it, as it is a tropical species, best results i got on this species was on full sun position under a soft shade net.
Fertilizer doesn't fill it's sunlight needs.

Second, this is a deciduous species, they will shed their leaves once it start getting cold, mine here (Southern Hemisphere) are all 100% leafless right now, that's why it should be enjoying all the summer outside.

About fertilizer, I don't see any reason for doing it 3 times a month, I use organic fertilizer, and it's once about 2~3 months actually, what this species needs is a huge container so it's stem can thicken properly, on that shallow pot it would take you about 30~40 years just to thicken it on a acceptable scale for the size of it's leaves, something you can achieve way faster on a proper sized pot.

So, if you want to up pot right now, it still time, as summer just began, you can also prune it's taproot short and plant on top of a slate to start so form the base, I would go for a 5L~10L pot...

By the way, I see some pines on the background, those also needs outside...

Just don't put them straight onto the hot sunlight...
Put on a semishaded spot and gradually move to sun.

I dont think it is pines, spruces maybe? Anyway they need to go outdoors as well.

Hi Albas,

Thank you for all of you advice. Do you have any recommendations for soft shade nets? I’ve looked some up but they look like they would provide too much shade and not give enough sunlight.

Also, to address your other comment, those are very young spruces and some of them have already died but I was also having trouble with them so I will be moving them outside as well.

I use a 50% on Summer for some bit more sensible species, it's the most common to find here.

Those 80% are too heavy, I,ve heard people even use that one for rooting cuttings.

(Funfact)
This species close their leaflets down when sun it's too hard on them, to avoid excessive radiation and transpiration.