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The comercial producers and sellers of bonsai call everything that are less hardy "indoor trees". That is a term more valid to them than to us. What they mean is that they cannot be kept outdoors all year round. So what they do is put them in temperature controlled greenhouses around 5 degrees in winter.

Beginners think that the lable indoor trees means they are more easy to care for, but in fact is the oposite. The best starter materials are locally native or at least locally hardy.

All trees love to be outside when the conditions is within the trees hardiness limits. Both your japanese and chinese elm are temperate plants that needs seasonal changes. So outside they should be as much as possible. In winter they may need some protection in cold frame, greenhouse or shed. In living room conditions they may survive a few years. But in the long run it is a certain death.

Check this vid from herons bonsai how they overwintering"indoor trees".



Even the tropical trees are obviously doing better in somewhat colder conditions in winter. They are in England in a climate similar to usda zone 8. Where are you located?