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I've had my Juniper bonsai for about 6 months now, it's somewhere between 3-4 years old and until recently it's been a bright green color. As the winter season comes and it gets colder the leaves have started to turn yellow with some brown spots. I read that they should be kept outdoors and only get direct sunlight for a couple of hours a day so I have it placed in a spot where it gets maybe less than 3-4 hours of direct sunlight a day. I live in the mountains in Arizona so the coldest it gets in the winter is in the morning and night around 20 degrees but averages consistently in the low 30s and anywhere from 30-60 degrees during the day. Since it's winter I've only been watering it every 3-5 days or when the topsoil looks dry so is overwatering a problem? Or is this normal for this time of year as its producing less chloroplast? Any help is kindly appreciated as I do not want this plant to die, and harsh criticism or critiquing as necessary!

Also want to note that I've moved some of the topsoil over to the base of the plant to add extra protection for the roots that are sticking out.

Doesn’t look too bad tbh.
Just a couple of points tho:
Not sure where you got that “few hours of light” from, but as a matter of fact the more light a juniper gets, the better.
This is true in summer (when you need to keep a constant eye on watering due to high evaporation tho), even more so in winter. Try to repair it from dry winds, if that’s a thing at your place, particularly when the soil is frozen solid, but in general your climate conditions are not a problem for a juniper.

The other thing is the soil: hard to judge from a photo (that may have been taken immediately after watering for all I know) but that substrate looks a bit mucky. Means you’ll have to keep an eye on watering, and try to replace it with a coarser soil next spring or late winter.
Everyone have their own mix there (I usually go for a mixture of akadama and pumice, or even pure pumice, fwiw) but the best thing you can do is see if there are bonsai clubs in your area and listen to what experienced people in your area use.

HTH

Thanks for your feedback! Every article I've read about Junipers has said something along the lines of Direct sunlight for a couple of hours a day with indirect or filtered sunlight for the rest and the booklet I got along with it says the second part. I have it placed in a spot where it gets a couple of hours of direct sunlight with the rest being indirect/unfiltered and is covered by my house on one side and a large bush on the other to protect it from the wind, I also turn it at least once a week so light hits it at every angle. As for the watering during the Summer I watered it every morning and whenever I noticed the topsoil to be dry, I've moved to water it at least once a week or so since it's been getting colder and the photo was taken right after it was watered. It's still in the original pot with the soil it came with and I know next spring I will be switching it to a slightly bigger pot with nicer soil.

Again thanks for the reassurance I figured it was probably doing just fine but wanted to get a second opinion on if I was doing anything wrong. I will see if there are any bonsai clubs around me that I can contact for more information! Thanks!

AREKAYIC wrote: Every article I've read about Junipers has said something along the lines of Direct sunlight for a couple of hours a day with indirect or filtered sunlight for the rest and the booklet I got along with it says the second part.

I find this hard to believe, but I'll leave you at it.

Just a generic suggestion: when in doubt on how to treat a plant, try to think to where and how it grows in nature, and try to reproduce that.

Junipers grow at mid-elevation locations, on exposed, usually rocky, slopes. They're exposed to harsh conditions day and night and are adapted to that.



They're not undergrowth plants, that grow shaded by other, taller trees and only get a limited amount of direct sunlight.

"Just a few hours of direct sunlight" can apply for example to japanese maples, that grow in woods, often overshadowed by taller trees


(photo by yours truly, taken somewhere in Saitama prefecture)


So, compare the two situations and make your decision based on which condition you can provide to your tree is most similar to its natural habitat...

And since you made me go through my batches of koyo pictures, let me add a couple here just to remember how travelling was like